{"id":6,"date":"2025-10-12T12:38:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-12T10:38:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.20:8086\/?page_id=6"},"modified":"2025-10-27T09:33:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T13:33:14","slug":"risques-majeurs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aps972.duckdns.org\/en\/risques-majeurs\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83c\udf0b Les risques majeurs naturels et industriels en Martinique"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>
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    \n
  1. \ud83c\udf0bRisque volcanique<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Niveau de vigilance actuel<\/strong> : Jaune (vigilance)<\/em> \u2014 volcan surveill\u00e9 en permanence par l\u2019OVSM (Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Martinique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Origine<\/strong> : activit\u00e9 de la Montagne Pel\u00e9e (volcan actif au nord de l\u2019\u00eele).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cons\u00e9quences possibles<\/strong> : coul\u00e9es pyroclastiques, nu\u00e9es ardentes, retomb\u00e9es de cendres, s\u00e9ismes volcaniques, gaz toxiques, lahars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carte et histoire Les volcans proches de nous<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Y a t’il des volcans en activit\u00e9 actuellement en 2025 ??<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    2. \ud83c\udf0dRisque sismique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Particularit\u00e9<\/strong> : le territoire est class\u00e9 en zone de sismicit\u00e9 5 (tr\u00e8s forte)<\/strong>, la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Origine<\/strong> : la Martinique est situ\u00e9e dans une zone de subduction entre les plaques cara\u00efbe et atlantique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : effondrements de b\u00e2timents, glissements de terrain, tsunamis secondaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carte et histoire<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>
    \n

    3. Risque cyclonique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Exemples<\/strong> : ouragans Dean (2007), Maria (2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Origine<\/strong> : ouragans et temp\u00eates tropicales (saison de juin \u00e0 novembre).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : vents violents, pluies intenses, inondations, houle cyclonique, coupures d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carte et histoire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    4. Risque d\u2019inondation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zones sensibles<\/strong> : Fort-de-France, Le Lamentin, Schoelcher, Rivi\u00e8re-Sal\u00e9e, Trinit\u00e9, Saint-Pierre, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Origine<\/strong> : pluies torrentielles, d\u00e9bordement de rivi\u00e8res (notamment au nord montagneux).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels, glissements de terrain, isolement de zones habit\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carte et histoire<\/p>\n<\/div>

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>
    \n

    5. Risque d’\u00e9rosion mouvement de terrain<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Origine<\/strong> : fortes pluies, s\u00e9ismes ou \u00e9rosion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : effondrements, glissements, coul\u00e9es de boue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Zones \u00e0 risque<\/strong> : nord de l\u2019\u00eele (mornes, zones volcaniques anciennes, Pr\u00eacheur avanc\u00e9e de la mer, Basse Pointe la mer rogne la falaise).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Carte et histoire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      \n

      6. \ud83c\udf0aRisque de tsunami<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Exemples<\/strong> : tsunami de 1755 li\u00e9 au s\u00e9isme de Lisbonne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Origine<\/strong> : s\u00e9ismes sous-marins dans la zone des Petites Antilles ou \u00e9ruptions volcaniques sous-marines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : submersion rapide des zones littorales basses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Carte et histoire<\/p>\n<\/div>

      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>
      \n

      7. \ud83c\udf0aRisque de submersion marine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zones sensibles<\/strong> : Le Vauclin, Sainte-Anne, Robert, Trinit\u00e9, Carbet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Origine<\/strong> : cyclones, houles exceptionnelles, mont\u00e9e du niveau marin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : inondations c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, \u00e9rosion du littoral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Carte et histoire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      \n

      8.\u2600\ufe0f Risque Changement Climatique et S\u00e9cheresse<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Origine<\/strong> : Le r\u00e9chauffement global<\/strong> entra\u00eene des modifications du climat tropical<\/strong> : hausse des temp\u00e9ratures moyennes<\/strong>, baisse<\/strong> ou irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9<\/strong> des pr\u00e9cipitations, \u00e9vaporation accrue<\/strong> des sols et des r\u00e9servoirs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : Chaleurs extr\u00eames<\/strong> : effets sur la sant\u00e9 (fatigue, d\u00e9shydratation, risques pour les personnes fragiles). Manque d\u2019eau<\/strong> dans les rivi\u00e8res et les retenues : coupures d\u2019eau, restrictions d\u2019usage. Stress hydrique agricole<\/strong> : baisse des rendements (banane, canne, \u00e9levage). Risques d\u2019incendies de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation<\/strong> accrus pendant la saison s\u00e8che. Impact sur la biodiversit\u00e9<\/strong> : d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats s\u00e8ches et des zones humides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zones sensibles<\/strong> :Petites communes d\u00e9pendant des captages d\u2019eau locaux<\/strong> (probl\u00e8mes d\u2019approvisionnement). Sud, centre de l\u2019\u00eele<\/strong>, communes c\u00f4ti\u00e8res <\/strong>: secteurs les plus secs (Rivi\u00e8re Sal\u00e9e, Sainte-Luce, Le Marin, Le Fran\u00e7ois, Pr\u00eacheur, Saint-Pierre). Zones agricoles non irrigu\u00e9es<\/strong> et hauts mornes expos\u00e9s au vent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Particularit\u00e9<\/strong>: le changement climatique en Martinique provoque deux extr\u00eames<\/strong> : s\u00e9cheresses plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res<\/strong> en saison s\u00e8che et pluies intenses<\/strong> en saison humide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Niveau de vigilance<\/strong>: Surveillance assur\u00e9e par M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France<\/strong> et la Pr\u00e9fecture<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \ud83d\udd34 Rouge : crise (coupures, p\u00e9nuries d\u2019eau) \ud83d\udfe2 Vert : situation normale \ud83d\udfe1 Jaune : vigilance s\u00e9cheresse (premi\u00e8res restrictions) \ud83d\udfe0 Orange : alerte (limitations fortes)<\/p>\n<\/div>

      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>
      \n

      \ud83c\udf2b\ufe0f Risque Brume de Sable (ou poussi\u00e8res sahariennes)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Origine<\/strong>: les brumes de sable<\/strong> proviennent du d\u00e9sert du Sahara<\/strong>. Des vents d\u2019altitude (aliz\u00e9s)<\/strong> transportent ces particules fines de poussi\u00e8re min\u00e9rale<\/strong> jusqu\u2019aux Antilles. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est naturel et saisonnier<\/strong>, plus fr\u00e9quent entre f\u00e9vrier et ao\u00fbt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : d\u00e9gradation de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air<\/strong> : augmentation des particules fines (PM10 et PM2.5). Impact sur la faune et la flore<\/strong> (acidification des sols, baisse de la photosynth\u00e8se).Pollution et brume de sable. Probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9<\/strong> : toux, irritations, asthme, difficult\u00e9s respiratoires, risques accrus pour les enfants, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es ou fragiles. R\u00e9duction de la visibilit\u00e9<\/strong> : impact sur la navigation a\u00e9rienne et maritime. Effets climatiques<\/strong> : baisse de la luminosit\u00e9, hausse de la chaleur ressentie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zones sensibles<\/strong> : toute l\u2019\u00eele est expos\u00e9e<\/strong>, mais surtout : les zones urbanis\u00e9es<\/strong> Niveau de vigilance<\/strong>: Surveillance par Madininair<\/strong> (qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air) : \ud83d\udfe2 Vert : air de bonne qualit\u00e9 \ud83d\udfe1 Jaune : air moyen \ud83d\udfe0 Orange : air mauvais pour les personnes sensibles \ud83d\udd34 Rouge : air tr\u00e8s mauvais pour tous.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      \n

      11. \ud83d\udee2\ufe0fSargasses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Origine<\/strong> : Les sargasses<\/strong> sont des algues brunes flottantes venues du large de l\u2019Atlantique<\/strong>, entre l\u2019Afrique et les Cara\u00efbes. Ces algues sont favoris\u00e9es par la hausse de temp\u00e9rature, les alluvions du fleuve Amazone……<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zones sensibles<\/strong> : la c\u00f4te Atlantique<\/strong> principalement : le Marigot, le Robert, le Fran\u00e7ois, le Vauclin, Sainte-Anne, le Marin, La Trinit\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : \u00c9missions de gaz toxiques<\/strong> (hydrog\u00e8ne sulfur\u00e9 \u2013 H\u2082S et ammoniac) provoquant maux de t\u00eate, irritations, troubles respiratoires. D\u00e9gradation du littoral<\/strong> : mortalit\u00e9 des poissons, asphyxie des herbiers, d\u00e9composition naus\u00e9abonde. Impacts \u00e9conomiques<\/strong> : baisse du tourisme, g\u00eane pour la p\u00eache, co\u00fbts de ramassage \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour les communes. Nuisances sociales<\/strong> : \u00e9coles ou quartiers parfois \u00e9vacu\u00e9s \u00e0 cause des \u00e9manations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Niveau de vigilance :Suivi r\u00e9gulier par M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France<\/strong> et le R\u00e9seau de surveillance des sargasses (DEAL \/ Ifremer)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Niveaux d\u2019alerte d\u00e9finis selon les quantit\u00e9s \u00e9chou\u00e9es<\/strong> et le taux de gaz H\u2082S<\/strong> :\n
          \n
        • \ud83d\udfe2 Vert : pr\u00e9sence faible \ud83d\udfe1 Jaune : d\u00e9p\u00f4ts mod\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \ud83d\udd34 Rouge : \u00e9manations importantes, risque sanitaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>

          \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
          \"\"<\/figure>
          \n

          11. \ud83e\udda0Risque sanitaire et biologique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> : crises sanitaires, fermetures d\u2019\u00e9coles, pressions sur le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Origine<\/strong> : \u00e9pid\u00e9mies (dengue, chikungunya, zika, COVID-19), pollution des eaux, moustiques vecteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Carte et histoire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          12. \ud83d\udd25Risque incendie de for\u00eat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Zones concern\u00e9es<\/strong> : sud et centre de l\u2019\u00eele, notamment autour des mornes secs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Origine<\/strong> : s\u00e9cheresse, imprudence humaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Carte et histoire<\/p>\n<\/div>

          \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          2<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          3<\/td><\/td>tableau Excel \/ PDF<\/td>Carte (inondation, points cumul\u00e9s des catastrophes<\/td><\/tr>
          4<\/td>Les risques majeurs industriels en Martinique<\/td><\/td>Carte risques majeurs seveso<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
          5<\/td>Les risques proches des \u00e9coles de la circonscription.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          6<\/td>L\u2019organisation en cas de catastrophe <\/td>A l’\u00e9chelle du territoire le plan ORSEC<\/a>
          A l’\u00e9chelle de la commune le DICRIM<\/a><\/td>          		Organisation de la population (PSC
          Ecole des \u00e9coles (abri s\u00e9curisant<\/td><\/tr>
          7<\/td>Communes d\u2019\u00e9vacuation et communes d\u2019accueil<\/td>Tableau<\/a><\/td>Carte<\/td><\/tr>
          8<\/td>Temps forts durant l\u2019ann\u00e9e scolaire<\/td>Journ\u00e9es organis\u00e9es : JNR, REPLIK, Caraib Weave<\/td>Exercices obligatoires (incendie, s\u00e9isme, intrusion : fiche RETEX)<\/td><\/tr>
          9<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          10<\/td>Volcan<\/td>Donn\u00e9es de l’observatoire
          mus\u00e9es \u00e0 visiter<\/td>          		Peut on pr\u00e9voir une \u00e9ruption ?<\/td><\/tr>
          11<\/td>Carte Cara\u00efbe plaque volcans actifs <\/td>carte des activit\u00e9s anciennes<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          12<\/td>carte construction de la Martinique<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          13<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          14<\/td><\/td><\/td>O\u00f9 trouver un d\u00e9fibrillateur dans votre zone<\/td><\/tr>
          15<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          16<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          17<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          18<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          19<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
          20<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          2. \ud83c\udf0dRisque sismique Particularit\u00e9 : le territoire est class\u00e9 en zone de sismicit\u00e9 5 (tr\u00e8s forte), la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\ud83c\udf0b Les risques majeurs naturels et industriels en Martinique - 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